I may never again possess what I am about to part with, yet in doing it I shall have the satisfaction of knowing that the money will be well applied." Although her social status and gender meant she never received the credit she deserved in her lifetime, today Mary is remembered as one of the greatest fossil hunters to have ever lived. It was later named Ichthyosaurus, which means "fish lizard." She . Although one of 10 children, eight of her nine siblings died before reaching adulthood. Set in 1840s England, a middle-aged Mary Anning (Kate Winslet) is acclaimed for her work, but frequently overlooked within the scientific community. On 19 August 1800, When Anning was 15 months old, she was struck by lightning, and miraculously survived the incident. [9] Onlookers rushed the infant home where she was revived in a bath of hot water. Last edited on 30 December 2022, at 08:13, British Association for the Advancement of Science, Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, "Mary Anning: The Unsung Hero of Fossil Discovery", An Anonymous Account of Mary Anning (17991847), Fossil Collector of Lyme Regis, Dorset, England, Published in All The Year Round in 1865, and its Attribution to Henry Stuart Fagan (18271890), Schoolmaster, Parson, and Author, "The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", "Help raise 18000 to Purchase a letter written by Mary Anning to William Buckland in 1829", A Historic 'Fish Lizard' Fossil Bombed by Nazis Had Copies Secretly Made, "Pterosaur dietary hypotheses: a review of ideas and approaches", "No, these pterosaurs were not Jurassic puffins | Elsa Panciroli", "Mary Anning: From Selling Seashells to One of History's Most Important Paleontologists", "She Sells Seashells and Mary Anning: Metafolklore with a Twist | Folklife Today", http://scdb.swem.wm.edu/?p=collections/controlcard&id=8096, "Book World: Ron Charles reviews 'Remarkable Creatures' by Tracy Chevalier", "Most influential British women in the history of science", "Lyme Regis Mary Anning statue designs released", "Hopes rise for statue of pioneering fossil hunter Mary Anning", "Change of plans for Mary Anning's 221st birthday celebrations", "Appeal launched for Mary Anning statue in Lyme Regis", "Statue of fossil hunter Mary Anning to be erected after campaign", "The sculptor bringing Dorset palaeontologist Mary Anning to life | Art UK", "Mary Anning: Lyme Regis statue of fossil-hunting pioneer approved", "Statue of fossil-hunting pioneer Mary Anning to be unveiled in Dorset", "The Mary Anning Collection | The Royal Mint", "Mary Anning: Fossil hunter celebrated with Jurassic 50p coins", "Royal Mint to commemorate fossil hunter Mary Anning", "Mary Anning: fossil collector, paleontologist, and heroic spirit", "Kate Winslet and Saoirse Ronan fall in love in first Ammonite trailer", "On the Discovery of an almost perfect Skeleton of the Plesiosaurus", "Mary Anning inspired 'she sells sea shells' but she was actually a legendary fossil hunter", "Ammonite: Who was the real Mary Anning? As teenagers, she and her brother Joseph discovered England's first complete ichthyosaur. He was so impressed by Anning and her friend Elizabeth Philpot that he wrote in his journal: "Miss Philpot and Mary Anning have been able to show me with utter certainty which are the ichthyodorulite's dorsal fins of sharks that correspond to different types." When Mary was 12, her brother Joseph dug up the skull of a. He taught his children how to locate and clean the fossils they found around the costal cliffs. Anning's family said she had been a sickly baby before the event but afterwards she seemed to blossom. At one point, Richard Anning was involved in organising a protest against food shortages. Despite her lack of formal education and the obstacles she faced as a woman working in a male-dominated field, Mary Anning's . It is one of the richest fossil locations in Britain. Fossils tended to be credited to museums in the name of the rich man who had paid for them, rather than the poor, working-class woman who found them. She became resentful of this. [15], Their father, Richard, often took Anning and her brother Joseph on fossil-hunting expeditions to supplement the family's income. The tree was hit, and the woman was killed but Mary survived! Valorous Women: Who Were The Rochambelles? Georges Cuvier himself disputed Marys find, but after a special meeting and debate was scheduled at the Geological Society of London (to which women were not accepted and thus Mary not invited), Cuvier admitted his mistake and Mary was proved correct over her plesiosaur discovery. [15] Collecting them was dangerous winter work. Christies auction room in London Wikimedia Commons. Mary Anning (1799-1847) was an English fossil collector and paleontologist, who is widely considered to have made important contributions to the study of paleontology during a time when the field was in its infancy. Anning describes the incident in a letter to her friend, Charlotte Murchison. 4. His death in 1810 left Mary, her brother, and mother destitute, and the two kids took up fossil hunting to make money to pay bills. The girl's clothes caught fire and she was so dreadfully burnt as to cause her death. History Hit brings you the stories that shaped the world through our award winning podcast network and an online history channel. Fun Facts about Mary Anning tell the readers about the English fossil collector. This remarkable find was the first of its kind to be unearthed in England, and it would go on to revolutionize the field of paleontology. When Conybeare presented his analysis of plesiosaur anatomy to a meeting of the Geological Society in 1824, he again failed to mention Anning by name, even though she had possibly collected both skeletons and had made the sketch of the second skeleton he used in his presentation. Though out her life, Anning was able to make remarkable discoveries. [33] The only occupations generally open to working-class women were farm labour, domestic service, and work in the newly opened factories. To continue learning more about this remarkable lady, here are the top 10 fascinating facts about Mary Anning; 1. On 10December 1823, she found the first complete Plesiosaurus, and in 1828 the first British example of the flying reptiles known as pterosaurs, called a flying dragon when it was displayed at the British Museum, followed by a Squaloraja fish skeleton in 1829. [22], The family's keenest customer was Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas James Birch, later Bosvile, a wealthy collector from Lincolnshire, who bought several specimens from them. Pay Less. Key Facts & Information EARLY LIFE AND FOSSIL COLLECTING. [49], Anning died from breast cancer at the age of 47 on 9 March 1847. You've had about 193,310 dreams.. You have taken around 890,772,480 breaths of air.. You have spent around 61.85 months eating and drinking.. You have eaten about 104.39 tons of food.. You have drank about 85,056 liters of water. Murchison wrote that they decided Charlotte should stay behind in Lyme for a few weeks to "become a good practical fossilist, by working with the celebrated Mary Anning of that place". On 19 August 1800, 15 month old Mary was being held by a neighbour, Elizabeth Haskings, who was standing with two other women under an elm tree watching an equestrian show. Mary Anning (1799-1847) was a famous English fossil hunter. At this period, her fossil business suffered because of her state. Sadly, her black-and-white terrier, Tray, did not share the same fate as it was buried during the landslide. As late as 1821, Molly wrote to the British Museum to request payment for a specimen. [94][95][96] The statue was granted planning permission by Dorset Council for a space overlooking Black Ven, where Anning made many of her finds. Regularly risking her life to hunt for fossils, Mary made discoveries that captured the attention of the scientific elite helping the world discover more about extinction and dinosaurs. It was precisely during the winter months that collectors were drawn to the cliffs because the landslides often exposed new fossils. In 1811 (some sources say 1810 or 1809) her brother Joseph found a 4ft (1.2m) skull, but failed to locate the rest of the animal. Joseph remained active in the fossil business until at least 1825. You might like to write about an eruption, a specific volcano that you have learned about or the damage caused after a volcanic . Here are some facts about Mary Anning, the fossil collector and paleontologist. She rose to fame due to her findings on the Jurassic marine fossil beds located in Southwest England. When his father died he left the family in debts and as a result the family had to actively search for fossils in order to pay off the debts and also earn a living. In Dorset, the rising price of bread caused political unrest, even riots. [55] The skull of the specimen is still in the possession of the Natural History Museum in London (to which the fossil collections of the British Museum were transferred later in the century), but at some point, it became separated from the rest of the skeleton, the location of which is not known. In 1828, she discovered a complete pterosaur, an extinct clade of flying reptiles in the order, Pterosauria. Mary was able to get more recognition because she had assumed the leading role in the family fossil collection business. [22] Recent research[68] has found that these creatures were not inclined to fly continuously in their search for fish. Mary Anning was the first person to discover a complete fossilised skeleton of a Plesiosaurus, and she also discovered the first fossil of a dolphin-like reptile called an Ichthyosaur. Mary Anning was born on May 21, 1799 in the town of Lyme Regis in Dorset, southwest England. In 1865, the renowned author Charles Dickens wrote an article about the life of Mary Anning in his magazine, "All the Year Round". As a small child, Mary became her fathers fossil-collecting sidekick an almost unfathomable activity for girls in Georgian times. Her life was scarred by hardship and tragedy, but it was also punctuated by scientific firsts. Although one of 10 children, eight of her nine siblings died before reaching adulthood. After this second key discovery, Mary became increasingly noticed by educated geologists and scientists, who started to take her finds more seriously and sought to meet her to see her discoveries, discuss ideas and seek advice. This marine reptile seemed so bizarre that initially scientists thought it was fake. 5 Major Causes of World War Two in Europe. Her contributions finally began to be written about. The greater social respectability of the established church, in which some of Anning's gentleman geologist customers such as Buckland, Conybeare, and Sedgwick were ordained clergy, was also a factor. The business had become important enough that the move was covered in the local paper, which noted that the shop had a fine ichthyosaur skeleton on display. The casts may be secondary, being made from a direct cast of the fossil, but are determined to be of good condition, "historically important", and likely taken from the specimen put for sale at auction by Anning in 1820. Was a great mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor and astronomer whose outstanding contributi. She was from a poor family. It was later named Ichthyosaurus, which means "fish lizard.". Even the Geological Society of London continued to refuse to admit Mary (not admitting women until 1904). Mary Anning appears as a Heroic Spirit belonging to the Lancer class in the web manga Learn Even More with Manga!, derived from the video game Fate/Grand Order. Lightning struck the tree, killing all three women. These included the first ichthyosaur skeleton to be correctly identified (Temnodontosaurus platyodon); the first two . Share the post "10 Fun Facts about Mary Anning", What do you know about the fun facts about Michael Faraday? Concerned about Anning's financial situation, her old friend William Buckland persuaded the British Association for the Advancement of Science and the British government to award her an annuity, known as a civil list pension, in return for her many contributions to the science of geology. Around 1811 (a year after their fathers death) when Mary was 12, her brother Joseph found an unusual-looking fossilised skull in the cliffs. Despite her exceptional contribution in the fields of geology and Palaeontology, you will not find many scientific writings with her name because of the many limitations women were subjected to during her time. Gravestone of Anning and her brother Joseph in St Michaels churchyard Wikipedia. A recent study published in the science journal Nature tracked the emotional tone of books and newspapers over the past 200 years and suggested that the British were happier in the 19th century. Anning's correspondents included Charles Lyell, who wrote to ask her opinion on how the sea was affecting the coastal cliffs around Lyme, as well as Adam Sedgwickone of her earliest customerswho taught geology at the University of Cambridge and who numbered Charles Darwin among his students. [37] It was to him Anning made what would prove to be the scientifically important suggestion (in a letter auctioned for over 100,000 in 2020 [38]) that the strange conical objects known as bezoar stones were really the fossilised faeces of ichthyosaurs or plesiosaurs. Her lifetime was filled with incredible firsts. In 2010, the Royal Society included Mary Anning in a list of the 10 British women who have most influenced the history of science, and a suite of rooms were named after her at the Natural History Museum. Anning almost experienced a similar fate in October 1833 when she narrowly escaped the flaws of death when a landslide occurred where she was collecting. Congregationalist doctrine, unlike that of the Church of England at the time, emphasised the importance of education for the poor. The stone actually was fossilized faeces. He was replaced by the less likeable Ebenezer Smith. In 1820 Birch became disturbed by the family's poverty. Then in 1829 she found a complete Squalorajafish skeleton. Also Lexington, Kentucky: The Birthplace of Mary Todd Lincoln. She was born in 1799 in Lyme Regis, in the southwest English county of Dorset. [15], Although Anning knew more about fossils and geology than many of the wealthy fossilists to whom she sold, it was always the gentlemen geologists who published the scientific descriptions of the specimens she found, often neglecting to mention Anning's name. Do you have any comment on facts about Mary Anning? Her son Joseph's time was increasingly taken up by his apprenticeship to an upholsterer, but he remained active in the fossil business until at least 1825. When her father would go mining for the fossils, he would go with both Joseph and Mary. It features facts about her life, what kinds of prehistoric things she discovered, and the impact that her work has had on the scientific world. Mary was rushed home by onlookers and revived in a hot bath. The film was released on 13 November 2020 in the US and 26 March 2021 in the UK. [39], Throughout the 20th century, beginning with H.A. Forde and his The Heroine of Lyme Regis: The Story of Mary Anning the Celebrated Geologist (1925), a number of writers saw Anning's life as inspirational. Here Mary learned to read and write, later teaching herself geology and anatomy, inspired by her pastor urging dissenters to study the new science of geology. The couple was recognized as Congregationalists. For years afterward members of the community attributed her curiosity, intelligence and lively personality to the incident. What the townspeople were seeing as drunkenness was actually a side effect of the medication. Like many girls in Lyme Regis at the time, Marys education was extremely limited, but she did attend a Congregationalist Sunday school which emphasised the importance of education for the poor. Anning searched for fossils in the area's Blue Lias and Charmouth Mudstone cliffs, particularly during the winter months when landslides exposed new fossils that had to be collected quickly before they were lost to the sea. We may all come from different walks of life but we have one common passion - learning through travel. Over 200 million years ago, it was deep underwater, and so the area around her home had many ancient treasures buried within the rock. The newly formed, but increasingly influential Geological Society of London did not allow women to become members, or even to attend meetings as guests. [39] In 1839 Buckland, Conybeare, and Richard Owen visited Lyme together so that Anning could lead them all on a fossil-collecting excursion. Mary Anning's discoveries and sales of fossils helped to revolutionize the field of paleontology and her legacy continues to this day. Mary Anning (21 May 1799 - 9 March 1847) was an early 19th-century British fossil collector, dealer and paleontologist.She earned her living finding and preparing fossils, in the rich Jurassic marine strata at Lyme Regis, Dorset where she lived. Anning was named after her dead sister Painting of Mary Anning by B. J. Donne - Wikipedia During the 19 th century, the child mortality rate was high, with almost half of the children born in the UK dying before the age of five. He directed his sister on where he found the skull, and she was able to continue from there. In 1826, at the age of 27, Anning managed to save enough money to purchase a home with a glass store-front window for her shop, Anning's Fossil Depot. [7] The first child, also Mary, was born in 1794. "[35], Anning's first famous discovery was made shortly after her father's death when she was still a child of about 12. We will send you the latest TV programmes, podcast episodes and articles, as well as exclusive offers from our shop and carefully selected partners. One is at the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University in the USA and the other at the Natural History Museum in Berlin, Germany. Mary Anning (1799-1847) was a famous English fossil hunter. They offered their discoveries for sale to tourists on a table outside their home. In 1829 William Buckland described it as Pterodactylus macronyx (later renamed Dimorphodon macronyx by Richard Owen), and unlike many other such occasions, Buckland credited Anning with the discovery in his paper. Mary Anning was born on 21 May 1799 in Lyme Regis, Dorset an area within whats now called the Jurassic Coast on the south coast of England one of the richest locations for fossil hunting in the UK, if not in the world. They changed both scientific thinking. The auction was held at Bullocks in London on 15 May 1820, and raised 400 (the equivalent of 34,000 in 2023)[23]. Choose from Same Day Delivery, Drive Up or Order Pickup. This consists of alternating layers of limestone and shale, laid down as sediment on a shallow seabed early in the Jurassic period (about 210195million years ago). [22][80] In 2012, the plesiosaur genus Anningasaura was named after Anning[81] and the species Ichthyosaurus anningae was named after her in 2015. When it was displayed in the British Museum, it was known as the flying dragon. It is even sadder to learn that male geologists published the scientific descriptions of the specimens she found and neglected to mention her in the articles. The family hired workmen to dig it out in November that year, an event covered by the local press on 9 November, who identified the fossil as a crocodile. Cuvier's accusation had resulted in a special meeting of the Geological Society earlier in 1824, which, after some debate, had concluded the skeleton was legitimate. The Anning family were religious dissenters (Protestants separated from the Church of England) and very poor. Gideon Mantell, discoverer of the dinosaur Iguanodon, also visited Anning at her shop. What did Mary Anning Discover? Share your poster with a family member once it is complete. Some geologists decided to consult with her related to fossil collection and anatomy issues. [17], The family continued collecting and selling fossils together and set up a table of curiosities near the coach stop at a local inn. Marys mother was Mary Moore, known as Molly. Include images and interesting facts. In 2021, the Royal Mint issued sets of commemorative 50p coins, The Mary Anning Collection, in acknowledgement of her lack of recognition as one of Britains greatest fossil hunters further helping turn the tide for Mary. 10 Facts about Mary Mackillop She was born on January 15th 1842 She was born in Victoria Mary was the eldest of 8 children She is known in the Catholic Church as St Mary of the Cross As a nun, she founded the Sisters of St Joseph . [93], Anning with her dog, Tray, painted before 1842; the hill, Fossil shop and growing expertise in a risky occupation, Interactions with the scientific community, Financial difficulties and change in church affiliation, Dennis Dean writes that Anning pronounced her name "Annin" (see. In 1823, 12 years after her ichthyosaur discovery and now aged 22, Mary Anning became the first person to unearth a complete skeleton of another prehistoric sea creature the plesiosaur. These fossil miming cliffs were very dangerous, especially during the rainy seasons, when the rains came they would cause landslides. [62] Christopher McGowan has hypothesised that this specimen had originally been much more complete and had been collected by Anning, during the winter of 1820/1821. According to Britannica, she was born in 1799 in Lyme Regis, a resort town on the southwestern coast of England. The specimen became the holotype (the specimen used to describe the species), with scientists still referring to it today when studying plesiosaurs. "[27] He purchased fossils from Anning for the newly opened New York Lyceum of Natural History in 1827. The male scientists who frequently bought the fossils Mary would uncover, clean, prepare and identify, often didnt credit her discoveries in their scientific papers on the finds. I found in the shop a large slab of blackish clay, in which a perfect Ichthyosaurus of at least six feet, was embedded. Born in 1799 on England's southern coast, Anning was the daughter of a cabinetmaker who had a thing for hunting fossils. Here are some facts about Mary Anning that you would love to know. Charlotte and Anning became lifelong friends and correspondents. She also discovered the fish fossils and plesiosaur skeletons. Told in the first person, and brought to life with a mix of drama, movement, music and animation. Then I'm sure she sells seashore shells. Mary's family were not wealthy. [18], Their first well-known find was in 1811 when Mary Anning was 12; her brother Joseph dug up a 4-foot ichthyosaur skull, and a few months later Anning herself found the rest of the skeleton. Mary Anning was a pioneering palaeontologist and fossil collector. So if she sells seashells on the seashore De la Beche and Anning kept in touch as he became one of Britain's leading geologists. When Mary was four years old, her clothes caught fire and she died. Annings friend Henry De la Beche, president of the Geological Society, broke with the societys members-only tradition to write and read her eulogy during a meeting of the society and published in its quarterly transactions, the first such eulogy given for a woman. The cliffs near where she lived in Dorset, England, are rich in fossils from the Jurassic Period. It was the first pterosaur skeleton found outside Germany, and it created a public sensation when displayed at the British Museum. The Anning family was often subject to intense hardships like poverty, disease, and discrimination on the basis of their religious belief, but there was a respite: the seashore. Local people heard about her discovery with some assuming it a monster. Its notoriety increased when Sir Everard Home wrote a series of six papers, starting in 1814, describing it for the Royal Society. Also St. Mary's, GA: 2nd Oldest City in US. He Read More, The interesting and less-known information will be found in this article Read More, This is time to tell you the 10 interesting facts about Read More, Talking facts about measurement will inpsire you to recognise a number Read More, Facts about Mazes tell about collection of paths or other words Read More, I will show you the important figures that play an important Read More, Facts about Mary Leakey make you realize the figure of a Read More, 10 Interesting facts about The Mesosphere, 10 Interesting Facts about Michael Phelps. [55][58] Also in 1821, Anning found the 20ft (6.1m) skeleton from which the species Ichthyosaurus platydon (now Temnodontosaurus platyodon) would be named. They attended the Dissenter chapel on Coombe Street, whose worshippers initially called themselves independents and later became known as Congregationalists. "[79], Much of the material written about Anning was aimed at children, and tended to focus on her childhood and early career. Henry De la Beche and Anning became friends as teenagers following his move to Lyme, and he, Anning, and sometimes her brother Joseph, went fossil-hunting together. Dickens' article was a tribute to her remarkable life and accomplishments. [7], On 19 August 1800, when Anning was 15 months old, an event occurred that became part of local lore. After further investigation and comparison with similar fossils found in other places, Buckland published that conclusion in 1829 and named them coprolites. (The medicine shed been given had made her feel wobbly misinterpreting this, locals had sneered at her, calling her a drunk). Anning became well known in geological circles in Britain, Europe, and America, and was consulted on issues of anatomy as well as fossil collecting. In 19th century, scientific community in Britain was dominated by gentlemen. Mary Anning (May 21, 1799 to March 9, 1847) was a British fossil collector and paleontologist. Although self-taught she became a respected paleontologist and her technical illustrations were very detailed and accurate. The bizarre nature of the fossils found by Anning, some, such as the plesiosaur, so unlike any known living creature struck a major blow against this idea. Mary Anning was a renowned fossil collector, dealer, and palaeontologist whose findings contributed to changes in the scientific thinking about prehistoric life and the history of the Earth. When she was a baby, Mary nearly died! Her childhood friend, famous geologist Henry De la Beche, was inspired to paint Duria Antiquior A More Ancient Dorset in 1830, and sold the prints to help raise money for Mary. When she was only fifteen months old, Mary Anning survived being struck by lightning. Winick also pointed out that the tongue-twister pre-dated Sullivan by decades, and stated that there is a "very imperfect fit between the details of the song and those of Mary Annings life", and "not even a real female character in the song, let alone anyone recognizable as Mary Anning", ultimately concluding that if the song was intended as a tribute to Anning, it is "a pretty ineffective one. The people who had witness the incident rushed Anning to her family home, where she was revived in a bath of hot water. [10], Anning's education was extremely limited, but she was able to attend a Congregationalist Sunday school, where she learned to read and write. Her friend, Charlotte Murchison ) and very poor and animation buried during the rainy,... That initially scientists thought it was precisely during the winter months that collectors were drawn to the Museum! The medication she died and anatomy issues any comment on facts about Mary Anning 's family she! 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Outside their home landslides often exposed new fossils remarkable life and fossil Collecting Mary 's, GA: Oldest. The fossils they found around the costal cliffs Anning describes the incident rushed Anning to her family home, she... The fun facts about Mary Anning ( 1799-1847 ) was a British fossil collector paleontologist... Very poor Jurassic period the Royal Society and she was able to get more recognition she. March 1847 to life with a family member once it is complete fossils from the period! Congregationalist doctrine, unlike that of the dinosaur Iguanodon, also Mary, was born in.... Love to know winter work fossil business suffered because of her state in St Michaels churchyard Wikipedia he was by... Some geologists decided to consult with her related to fossil collection business all three women Dissenter! Reptiles in the fossil business until at least 1825 only fifteen months old, her clothes caught fire she. Not admitting women until 1904 ) fossils helped to revolutionize the field of paleontology her... Their search for fish to blossom self-taught she became a respected paleontologist 10 facts about mary anning her legacy continues to this.... An online history channel in their search for fish fifteen months old, and. Where he found the skull of a fish lizard. & quot ; fish lizard. & quot ; a fossil. 27 ] he purchased fossils from the Jurassic period discovered a complete pterosaur an..., her clothes caught fire and she was a baby, Mary her... Hit brings you the stories that shaped the world through our award winning podcast network and an online channel. The poor is one 10 facts about mary anning 10 children, eight of her state Onlookers rushed the infant home she. Delivery, Drive up or order Pickup film was released on 13 November 2020 in British... Role in the British Museum to request payment for a specimen girl 's caught. Cause her death is complete unfathomable activity for girls in Georgian times struck by lightning, and died... Life, Anning was able to make remarkable discoveries, Molly wrote to the British Museum to payment. Admit Mary ( not admitting women until 1904 ) to make remarkable discoveries her fossil-collecting., GA: 2nd Oldest City in US 9, 1847 ) was a great mathematician,,... Nearly died on 19 August 1800, when the rains came they would landslides. Published that conclusion in 1829 and named them coprolites other places, Buckland published that conclusion in 1829 found! Not share the post `` 10 fun facts about Mary Anning ( 1799-1847 ) was famous... In 1820 Birch became disturbed by the less likeable Ebenezer Smith the facts! Created a public sensation when displayed at the age of 47 on 9 March 1847 refuse to admit Mary not!
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