Near Sofia, in the Vitosha, Lozen, and Stara Planina (Central Balkan) Mountains, over the centuries so many monasteries have been founded that they came to be known as Sofias Holy Mountains. September 13, 2022 Board of Supervisors Meeting: Consider recommendations relating to the Inmate Tracking System. Issues examined include: age of facilities; accreditation; compliance with policy and procedure standards; adequacy of policy and procedure manuals; adequacy of staffing; staff turnover; compliance with staffing standards; compliance with staff training standards; exceeding capacity; coordinating councils; pretrial services programs; availability of specific pretrial services; use of jail alternatives; compliance classification standards; objective jail classification; housing configurations; compliance with security standards; adequacy of security capabilities; compliance with documentation standards; quality of documentation; use of automated jail management systems; data exchange with other criminal justice agencies; Internet access; funding authority relations; compliance with standards concerning fire codes; compliance with work site safety standards; compliance with health and sanitation standards; and cleanliness and sanitation. There is a multitude of discotheques, restaurants, bars, piano bars, folk clubs, taverns, soda fountains, fast food outlets and many other kinds of entertainment. [127], Sofia is the seat of the executive (Council of Ministers), legislative (National Assembly) and judiciary (Supreme Court and Constitutional Court) bodies of Bulgaria, as well as all government agencies, ministries, the National Bank, and the delegation of the European Commission. Directly across from the church is The National Gallery of Art, which often exhibits works by world-famous artists. It holds a collection of Eastern Orthodox icons from the 9th to the 19th century. [194][195] The Sofia Metro became operational in 1998, and now has four lines and 47 stations. They can be considered as a single complex, and played an important role in preserving the Bulgarian spiritual heritage during the centuries of Ottoman occupation. Hilfe, eroberte das Land der Serden (bei Dio Segetika) und kam plndernd ins. A third line was opened in August of 2020 and re-organisation of the previous lines lead to a 4th line being created. Among the architects invited to work in Bulgaria were Friedrich Grnanger, Adolf Vclav Kol, and Viktor Rumpelmayer, who designed the most important public buildings needed by the newly re-established Bulgarian government, as well as numerous houses for the country's elite. [198] The master plan for the Sofia Metro includes three lines with a total of 63 stations. When it comes to the cityscape, 16th century sources mention eight Friday mosques, three public libraries, numerous schools, 12 churches, three synagogues, and the largest bedesten (market) of the Balkans. The natural growth rate during 2009 was 0.2 per mile, the first positive growth rate in nearly 20 years. Founded thousands of years ago, today the city continues to develop as the countrys cultural and economic center. Visitors exploring the citys streets can see remnants of The Eastern Gate from the days when Sofia was Serdika and Sredets, dating from the 2nd-4th centuries CE. A notable local basketball team is twice European Champions Cup finalist Lukoil Akademik. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. From 1018-1094, Sredets was under Byzantine rule, but remained an important strategic, economic, and cultural center. [174] The IT sector is highly diverse and includes both multinational corporations, local companies and start-ups. The Central Railway Station is the primary hub for domestic and international rail transport, carried out by Bulgarian State Railways (BDZ), the national rail company headquartered in the city. Regular performances began in 1909. It seems that the first written mention of Serdica was made during his reign and the last mention was in the 19th century in a Bulgarian text (, Sardaki). [165] The real GDP (PPP) per capita growth at the time was 2.5% and the employment went up by 3.4% to 962,400. Akadmiai Kiad, 1977 "As Macedonia itself was in danger, Crassus readily advanced as far as Segetika (-Serdica)", " --[ ]-- . - 18771878 . [125] A precedent happened, due to the suspicion, as a preventative action between 300 and 5000 people and counters had been locked inside Arena Armeets against their will for two days,[126] following which the director of the Electoral Commission of Sofia resigned at the request of Prime Minister Boyko Borisov. Being in the centre of the Balkans, it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea, and closest to the Aegean Sea.[18][19]. [174] The sector employs about 50,000 professionals, 30% of them involved in programming, and contributes for 14% of the city's exports. [200] Additionally, all-electric vehicles are available through carsharing company Spark, which is set to increase its fleet to 300 cars by mid-2019.[201]. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. [43][44] Fog is not unusual, especially in the beginning of the season. They are Aleko and Konyarnika. Thus, Sofia became the first capital on the world to be overflown by enemy aircraft.[114]. Popov, Dimitar (ed.). The decision was announced in November 2014 by the Evaluation Committee of ACES Europe, on the grounds that "the city is a good example of sport for all, as means to improve healthy lifestyle, integration and education, which are the basis of the initiative.". city of the Serdi. [20] The city has been described as the "triangle of religious tolerance". The most dynamic sectors include Information technology (IT) and manufacturing. The median age is 38 though. Bulgaria's largest art museums are located in the central areas of the city. A guide "developed to enhance the leadership skills, knowledge, and capabilities of jail administrators on issues of basic jail administration" is presented (p. v). Accurately classifying incarcerated individuals and placing them in institutions consistent with their security classification is a means of protecting the public, ensuring staff and incarcerated individual safety, and achieving the ODRC's rehabilitative goals. The mountain offers favourable skiing conditions during the winter. It is situated in western Bulgaria, at the northern foot of the Vitosha mountain, in the Sofia Valley that is surrounded by the Balkan mountains to the north. It discusses key components of an OJC system, including instruments that use reliable and valid criteria, overrides by classification staff, staff training and commitment to OJC, and a housing plan that is consistent with classification outcomes. Smog thus persists over the city as temperature inversions and the mountains surrounding the city prevent the circulation of air masses. Sofia was designated as European Capital of Sport in 2018. [96] In the second half of 10th century the city was ruled by Komit Nikola and his sons, known as the "Komitopuli". The average temperature in January is 1 degree below zero Centigrade, and 20 degrees Centigrade in July . Serdica expanded, as turrets, protective walls, public baths, administrative and cult buildings, a civic basilica, an amphitheatre, a circus, the City council (Boul), a large forum, a big circus (theatre), etc. [139] Corruption in Bulgaria also affects Sofia's authorities. OJC systems use locally developed and validated instruments, one at intake and another after a period of confinement, that identify the level of risk and needs presented by an inmate so that appropriate housing and program assignments can be made. During the Russo-Turkish War of 187778, Suleiman Pasha threatened to burn the city in defence, but the foreign diplomats Leandre Legay, Vito Positano, Rabbi Gabriel Almosnino and Josef Valdhart refused to leave the city thus saving it. [112], In the Second Balkan War, Bulgaria was fighting alone practically all of its neighbouring countries. By the 19th century the Bulgarian population had two schools and seven churches, contributing to the Bulgarian National Revival. Overall, Sofia has 186km (116 miles) of railway lines. These key elements include assessing inmates risks and needs (classification), assigning inmates to housing, meeting inmates basic needs, setting and conveying behavioral expectations, supervising inmates, and keeping inmates productively occupied. NY: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1998. The Bulgarian Volleyball Federation is the world's second-oldest, and it was an exhibition tournament organised by the BVF in Sofia that convinced the International Olympic Committee to include volleyball as an olympic sport in 1957. Inmate Behavior Management: The Key to a Safe and Secure Jail, Issues in Jail Operations, 2003: Perspectives from State Jail Inspection Agencies, Objective Jail Classification Systems: A Guide for Jail Administrators. [189], Sofia Airport handled 7,107,096 passengers in 2019. Prison classification is a method of assessing inmate risks that balance security requirements with program needs. Two natural sciences museumsthe Natural History Museum and Earth and Mandisplay minerals, animal species (alive and taxidermic) and rare materials. The Edict of Toleration by Galerius was issued in 311 in Serdica by the Roman emperor Galerius, officially ending the Diocletianic persecution of Christianity. Since 2015, the National Art Gallery, the National Gallery for Foreign Art (NGFA) and the Museum of Contemporary Art Sofia Arsenal were merged to form the National Gallery. The National History Museum, located in Boyana, it has a vast collection of more than 650,000 historical items dating from Prehistory to the modern era, although only 10,000 of them are permanently displayed due to the lack of space. Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. Manufacturing has registered a strong recovery since 2012, increasing the exports three-fold and the employment by 52% accounting for over 70,000 jobs. During the Second World War, Bulgaria declared war on the US and UK on 13 December 1941 and in late 1943 and early 1944 the US and UK Air forces conducted bombings over Sofia. The hot springs at Bankya, a nearby resort offer wonderful facilities for rest, recreation, and wellness. We provide training on key elements in jail administration, jail resource management, and building a productive relationship between jail officials and their funding authority. [134] Nevertheless, in the 21st century, crimes, including Bulgarian mafia killings, caused problems in the city,[135] where authorities had difficulties convicting the actors,[136] which had caused the European Commission to warn the Bulgarian government that the country would not be able to join the EU unless it curbed crime[137] (Bulgaria eventually joined in 2007). In 1879 there was a dispute about what the name of the new Bulgarian capital should be, when the citizens created a committee of famous people, insisting for the Slavic name. The NIC Jails Division's services include training, networks, technical assistance, and information resources, such as documents and DVDs. [53][54], The geographic position of the Sofia Valley limits the flow of air masses, increasing the chances of air pollution by particulate matter and nitrogen oxide. With its cultural significance in Southeast Europe, Sofia is home to the National Opera and Ballet of Bulgaria, the National Palace of Culture, the Vasil Levski National Stadium, the Ivan Vazov National Theatre, the National Archaeological Museum, and the Serdica Amphitheatre. Iztok Zapad, 2005. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFGeographic_Dictionary_of_Bulgaria1980 (. There are 16 industrial and logistics parks in Sofia, some sprawling to towns in neighbouring Sofia Province, such as Bozhurishte, Kostinbrod and Elin Pelin. Since it is the nations capital, Sofia constantly plays host to important cultural and musical events, conferences, and sports competitions. Of these 864 do not have any water supply and 688 have other than communal. After the abolition of Communism in 1989, Sofia witnessed the construction of whole business districts and neighbourhoods, as well as modern skryscraper-like glass-fronted office buildings, but also top-class residential neighbourhoods. Read More August 16, 2022 Board of Supervisors Meeting: Receive report from the Office of the County Counsel relating to options for transferring rehabilitative jail functions to the Department of Correction and provide direction . The city has the 4th-highest number of automobiles per capita in the European Union at 546.4 vehicles per 1,000 people. During the 1970s and the 1980s multiple ski slopes of varying difficulty were made available. Cyril and Methodius National Library are located in Sofia. [101] Additionally, there were fountains and hammams (bathhouses). Petka Samardzhiyska Church is built in the 11th century. One of Sofias favorite spots for both visitors and residents is Vitosha Boulevard. Inmate Detail - CANO-CIFUENTES, JUAN LUIS. The city expanded and became a significant political and economical centre, more so as it became one of the first Roman cities where Christianity was recognised as an official religion (under Galerius). [199] Marshrutkas provide an efficient and popular means of transport by being faster than public transport, but cheaper than taxis. [142] With 1,600 prisoners, the incarceration rate is above 0.1%;[143] however, roughly 70% of all prisoners are part of the Romani minority.[144]. Masterpieces of Bulgarian painting are on display at The National Art Gallery, located in what was formerly the Bulgarian Royal Palace. With their vital, humanistic realism they are a Renaissance phenomenon at its culmination phase in the context of the common-European art.[152]. Sofia is relatively close to the capitals of most Balkan countries: Ankara is 1,012 km; Athens is 837 km; Beograd is 374 km; Bucharest is 395 km; Zagreb is 762 km; Ljubljana is 897 km; Sarajevo is 549 km; Skopje is 239 km; Tirana is 553 km. Sofia (/ s o f i , s f-, s o f i / SOH-fee-, SOF-; Bulgarian: , romanized: Sofiya, IPA: ()) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria.It is situated in the Sofia Valley at the foot of the Vitosha mountain in the western parts of the country. Booking Date 1/6/2023 4:12 PM; Release Date; Scheduled Release Date; Prisoner Type Pretrial Inmate; Classification VG3; Housing Facility Jefferson County Jail - Birmingham; Total Bond Amount; Total Bail Amount $0.00; Booking Origin . ", "Where are world's deadliest major cities? [36], The name Sofia comes from the Saint Sofia Church,[37] as opposed to the prevailing Slavic origin of Bulgarian cities and towns. A number of ancient Roman, Byzantine and medieval Bulgarian buildings are preserved in the centre of the city. Limes. The physical security requirements for Level 4 may vary based on the overall physical structure of the facility. [202] The municipality was known for minor and cosmetic repairs and many streets are in a poor condition. Being Bulgaria's primate city, Sofia is home of many of the major local universities, cultural institutions and commercial companies. The assembly members are chosen every four years. Population over the years (in thousands): According to 2018 data, the city has a population of 1,400,384 and the whole Sofia Capital Municipality of 1,500,120. The citys stadiums draw thousands of fans for matches between the major football teams. During the winter, the ski resort on Mount Vitosha is a favorite choice among skiers and snowboarders alike, and during the summer it is a favorite place for hikers and picnickers. The report also noted that no industrial pollution monitoring stations operate in Sofia, even though industrial facilities are active in the city. [209] Sofia University was founded in 1888. We provide training for jail inspectors, a peer-training network for chief jail inspectors, information resources on standards and inspection, and related technical assistance. Sofia applied to host the Winter Olympic Games in 1992 and in 1994, coming second and third respectively. The city is ranked 62nd among financial centres worldwide. Increasing are frauds, drug-related crimes, petty theft and vandalism. Regional Member Sofia", "Shared Electric Vehicles Spark in Sofia Increase by 170", "Fines for bad repair work 'Dnevnik' newspaper", " - ", "Official website of the Sofia university History", "Sofia University aims to attract more foreign students", "Bulgaria's Nuclear Institute: New Cyclotron To Become Operational in 2 Years", ". . The Museum of Socialist Art includes many sculptures and posters that educate visitors about the lifestyle in communist Bulgaria. 18792004". Theatre is by far the most popular form of performing art, and theatrical venues are among the most visited, second only to cinemas. Capitals of European states and territories. The Parliament Building, Monument to the Liberator (in honor of the Russian Tsar Alexander II, who was instrumental in freeing Bulgaria from Ottoman rule), and the campus of Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohradski are three more of the citys major symbols. There are 221 general, 11 special and seven arts or sports schools, 56 vocational gymnasiums and colleges, and four independent colleges. These are among the most sought-after secondary schools, along with Vladislav the Grammarian 73rd Secondary School and the High School of Mathematics, which topped the 2018 preference list for high school candidates. [48], Summers are quite warm and sunny. It was the first edict legalising Christianity, preceding the Edict of Milan by two years. [105][106] In 1610 the Vatican established the See of Sofia for Catholics of Rumelia, which existed until 1715 when most Catholics had emigrated. Sofia preserves many valuable monuments to its long and storied past. [22], Sofia has been named one of the top ten best places for start-up businesses in the world, especially in information technologies. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. Newly admitted inmates are transported from county jails to one of several prison receiving centers where the risk assessment process begins. Sofia is located in the western part of the country, on The Sofia Plain and the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha. The Sofia Tourist Information Center offers information about points of interest, services, and accommodations. Boev, Zlatozar. A monitoring station on Eagles' Bridge, where some of the highest particulate matter values were measured, was moved away from the location and has measured sharply lower values since then. For example, one of the citys most popular venues for business forums and trade fairs is the National Palace of Culture. The urban area of Sofia hosts some 1.54million[9] residents within 5723km2, which comprises Sofia City Province and parts of Sofia Province (Dragoman, Slivnitsa, Kostinbrod, Bozhurishte, Svoge, Elin Pelin, Gorna Malina, Ihtiman, Kostenets) and Pernik Province (Pernik, Radomir), representing 5.16% of the country territory. [122] Districts and settlements have their own governor who is elected in a popular election. Some of Bulgaria's most famous operatic singers, such as Nicolai Ghiaurov and Ghena Dimitrova, made their first appearances on the stage of the National Opera and Ballet. Bulgarian rule was restored in 1878. Inmate Inquiry. Like every big city, Sofia has something for every taste. The Iskar River in its upper course flows near eastern Sofia. [70], The area has a history of nearly 7000 years,[76] with the great attraction of the hot water springs that still flow abundantly in the centre of the city. We provide training to help local jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT. BAS is the centrepiece of scientific research in Bulgaria, employing more than 4,500 scientists in various institutes. It is the only city in Bulgaria to host three electoral constituencies: the 23rd, 24th and 25th Multi-member Constituencies, which together field 42 mandates in the 240-member National Assembly. Avian Remains from an Early Neolithic Settlement of Slatina (Present Sofia City, Bulgaria). The heat distribution piping network is 900km (559mi) long and comprises 14,000 substations and 10,000 heated buildings. Akademai Klado, 1966. Objective jail classification (OJC) is a process of assessing every jail inmate's custody and program needs and is considered one of the most important management tools available to jail administrators and criminal justice system planners. [158] Nearly all of these were constructed as competition venues and therefore have seating facilities for several hundred people. Sofia has a humid continental climate (Kppen climate classification Dfb; Cfb if with 3C isotherm) with an average annual temperature of 10.9C (51.6F). During the Communist era, most sports clubs concentrated on all-round sporting development, therefore CSKA, Levski, Lokomotiv and Slavia are dominant not only in football, but in many other team sports as well. In 1867 was inaugurated the first chitalishte in Sofia a Bulgarian cultural institution. Its Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest cyclotron in the country. Virtually the entire city (900,000 households and 5,900 companies) is centrally heated, using residual heat from electricity generation (3,000 MW) and gas- and oil-fired heating furnaces; total heat capacity is 4,640 MW. Texts by Marazov, Ivan; Venedikov, Ivan; Fol, Alexander; Tacheva, Margarita. By clicking Allow All, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation. There is hardly another city in all of Europe that has so many noteworthy Christian, Islamic, and Jewish monuments so close together. [98], It was once again incorporated into the restored Bulgarian Empire in 1194 at the time of Emperor Ivan Asen I and became a major administrative and cultural centre. [190], Public transport is well-developed with bus (2,380km (1,479mi)),[191] tram (308km (191mi))[192] and trolleybus (193km (120mi))[193] lines running in all areas of the city. [47] The coldest recorded year was 1893 with an average January temperature of 10.4C (13F) and an annual temperature of 8.2C (46.8F). The parks are equipped with safe, modern, playground equipment, and there are both childrens playgrounds and indoor recreational facilities for children. Basketball and volleyball also have strong traditions in Sofia. [74] However, a report by the European Court of Auditors issued in September 2018 revealed that Sofia has not drafted any projects to reduce air pollution from heating. 151156. The Bulgarian patron saint John of Rila was buried in Sredets by orders of Emperor Peter I in the mid 10th century. Several smaller parks, among which the Vazrazhdane Park, Zaimov Park, City Garden and the Doctors' Garden, are located in central Sofia. These include the First English Language School, 91st German Language School, 164th Spanish Language School, and the Lyce Franais. [207], A number of secondary language schools provide education in a selected foreign language. Prison Classification. DEFINITION(S) AND ACRONYM(S) [215] Rakovski Defence and Staff College, the National Academy of Arts, the University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, the University of National and World Economy and the University of Mining and Geology are other major higher education establishments in the city. Out of 464,865 homes 432,847 have connection to the communal sanitary sewer, while 2,732 do not have any. The considerable immigration to the capital from poorer regions of the country, as well as urbanisation, are among the other reasons for the increase in Sofia's population. [204] The city also hosts 23 of Bulgaria's 51 higher education establishments and more than 105,000 university students. It is surrounded by mountainsides, such as Vitosha by the southern side, Lyulin by the western side, and the Balkan Mountains by the north, which makes it the third highest European capital after Andorra la Vella and Madrid. were built. There are more than fifteen swimming complexes in the city, most of them outdoor. The architecture of Sofia's centre is thus a combination of Neo-Baroque, Neo-Rococo, Neo-Renaissance and Neoclassicism, with the Vienna Secession also later playing an important part, but it is most typically Central European. Sofia Airport provides travelers with convenient connections to all major European cities, and from the central train station and bus station, passengers can reach every destination in the country. Eroberte das Land der Serden ( bei Dio Segetika ) und kam plndernd ins coming Second and third.! 23 of Bulgaria 's largest Art museums are located in the country scientists in various institutes Lyce.. 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